The researcher has secretly placed him or herself (as a member) in the group that is being studied. This researcher may be which of the following?

The researcher has secretly placed him or herself (as a member) in the group that is being studied. This researcher may be which of the following?
1). A complete participant
2). An observer-as-participant
3). A participant-as-observer
4). None of the above

Answers 3

i think option 1 is correct
a complete participant
  1. A complete participant is a researcher who fully immerses themselves in the group being studied without revealing their true identity as a researcher. 
  2. This method allows them to observe and experience the group’s activities firsthand while minimizing observer effects.